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Hughes, David, David A. Ryan and Steve Rothwell. The British Armies in World War Two: An Organisational History, vol 4: British Tank and Armoured Brigades, 79th Armoured Division, Armoured Car Regiments, and African, Malayan, and other Colonial Forces. West Chester, OH: Nafziger Collection, 2002

ISBN 1-58545-085-5
126 pages

Preface; tables; charts; diagrams; TOEs; Bibliography


Ryan, David A., David Hughes and Steve Rothwell. The British Armies in World War Two: An Organisational History, vol 5: The Australian Army. West Chester, OH: Nafziger Collection, 2003

ISBN 1-58545-101-0
108 pages

Preface; tables; charts; diagrams; TOEs; Bibliography





Ryan, David A., Steve Rothwell and David Hughes. The British Armies in World War Two: An Organisational History, supplement 3: Orders of Battle, 1942 - 1944. West Chester, OH: Nafziger Collection, 2003

ISBN 1-58545-102-9
97 pages

Preface; tables; charts; diagrams; TOEs



   It's not easy to produce top-quality books of this nature. Some authors rummage through readily available literature, do no original research whatsoever, and regurgitate just enough well-known facts to fit into a glossy, 64-page cookie-cutter package. Other authors stumble across a few wartime documents and produce a quickie OB/TOE volume without explaining anything, filling in the gaps, noting errors, or resolving internal inconsistencies. Both approaches have their audiences, but in most cases the result ends up being nothing more than a disposable by-product of somebody's perpetual motion publishing machine.
   Fortunately, this series does not fall into either of those categories. Since the first volume was published in 1999, the new titles appearing at irregular intervals have proved—and strengthened—our original high regard for these books. Although the international line-up of co-authors has shifted over the years (David Hughes remains in the game, but James Broshot and Alan Philson gave way to David Ryan and Steve Rothwell), every book continues to be a model of how to do "organisational histories" properly. It would have been far easier for these guys just to toss off a few pages of recycled material for each volume (especially given the proliferation of works about British units available for cribbing), but time and again they've done their homework and put together solid, complete information with a fresh twist. For all the value of Joslen and Bellis (and we wouldn't be caught without them on our shelf), The British Armies in World War Two series continues to make its presence felt in the field of British unit history/OB/TOE publications.
   So what have David Hughes and his compadres been up to since we last reviewed some of their books? George Nafziger recently forwarded to us three of their newest titles, so let's have a look at them.
   Volume four resumes the survey of major formations where volume three left off, beginning with British tank and armored brigades. These two sections cover more than twenty units in the span of about forty-five pages. Each entry devotes at least a page or two to a narrative history of the unit, at least one tabular TOE, and a timeline showing the types of AFVs with which the unit was equipped. Entries also feature a paragraph of "regimental trivia" highlighting interesting or amusing notes (such as the regulation concerning compulsory facial hair). While the first volume expended about five pages on the 79th Armoured Division, this one delves into considerable more detail for each of the division's components, amounting to about ten pages in all. Several more pages cover individual armored car regiments.
   In sum, the opening sixty-plus pages of volume four conclude the material on the UK army. The second part of this volume moves into the very interesting and mostly uncharted stories of the assorted "minor" colonial formations of the British Army. These include:

  • Colonial forces in the Atlantic (incl "W" Force in Newfoundland)
  • Colonial forces in the Caribbean
  • Colonial forces in the Mediterranean
  • Colonial forces in the Middle East (incl the Jewish Brigade)
  • Colonial forces in the Sudan
  • Colonial forces in Africa
  • Colonial forces in Malaya and Borneo
  • Colonial forces in China
  • Colonial forces in the Pacific

   Mind you, these are not familiar units like the Aussies and New Zealanders. Instead, the authors delve into units such as the Shanghai Volunteer Corps, the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps, the Tongan Defence Force, and the Caribbean Regiment. The chapter on "Colonial Forces in the Caribbean," for example, takes up two and a half pages and covers the British and Canadian units that served in that region as well as, more importantly, all the local defense forces and the Caribbean battalion that served in Italy and the Near East. In addition to about forty pages of narrative and TOEs, this part of the book also distills the military contributions of fifty colonies into one very nice full-page table. Packed as it is with so much obscure and fascinating material, "Armed Forces of the Colonies" by itself is worth the price of admission.
   Rounding out volume four, very detailed appendices track individual battalions, show equipment and assignments to higher headquarters, give more organizational information, and add details about unit deployments and action. All this is topped off by a thorough bibliography.
   While the first four volumes in the series focus mostly on UK forces, volume five moves into different territory with the entire Australian Army under one cover: armored and infantry divisions, armored and tank brigades, special forces, reserve forces, and coastal artillery. This coverage goes substantially beyond the familiar 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th AIF divisions.
   Using the same format as for the British divisions in earlier volumes, the authors study the history and organization of twelve infantry divs, 1st Armoured Division, and the pair of divisions which evolved from cavalry to motor to armor. The 3rd Tank Brigade gets most of a page while 4th Armoured Brigade takes up two full pages. After that, the "independent companies"—actually commando units—get about three and a half pages of fairly detailed treatment, the reserve forces about half as much, and finally a couple of pages for Australian coastal defenses, including a table showing the numbers and types of guns deployed at various locations. Here's a brief excerpt that demonstrates the level of detail plus the style and sense of humor that goes into all these volumes:

   The Volunteer Defence Corps (VDC) was raised in July 1940 for local defence in each Military District. It was sponsored by the Returned Sailors, Soldiers and Airmen Imperial League of Australia and became a component of the Australian Military Forces in May 1941. As the war developed the role of the force changed from one of static defence and coast watching to the part-time manning of coast and anti-aircraft installations that were part of the fixed defences. This released the well-trained soldiers of these units for service in other branches of the field army. By 1943 almost the entire fixed and anti-aircraft defences of Victoria, South Australia, and Tasmania were in the hands of the VDC. VDC soldiers manned eleven of the Anti-Aircraft Searchlight Batteries of the Royal Australian Artillery. The Volunteer Defence Corps also manned separate VDC battalions. For example, in Western Australia there were twelve VDC battalions, numbered 1st to 12th and subtitled by their general location. As an illustration, the 6th (Albany) Battalion was based in the Albany sector along the coast.
   Colour patches, so prevalent in the Australian military, caused a bit of furor among soldiers of the VDC during the war. Initially they wore khaki armbands with the initials R.S.L. for Returned Soldiers League. They petitioned for a colour patch and received approval for a patch with the letters VDC intertwined. Unfortunately, the issue of these patches occurred at the same time a major article appeared regarding the incidence of venereal disease in the army leading to unkind remarks regarding what the initials VDC referred to. The corps re-petitioned but were unsuccessful in their efforts to change the patch.

   In conclusion, a series of appendices occupy about twenty pages. These are packed with loads and loads of extremely detailed data about all the Aussie formations in much the same manner as volume four and the previous books in the series.
   The main volumes of the British Armies series are mostly concerned with unit histories and TOEs. The authors reserve the bulk of the order of battle material for the supplements. The third supplement continues that approach with almost a hundred pages of OB data covering the period from late 1942 through early 1944 with twenty different OB "files."

  • El Alamein, October 23, 1942
  • Papua campaign, November 16, 1942
  • India Command, February 10, 1943
  • Paiforce, March 28, 1943
  • 1st Chindits, February 10, 1943
  • 1st Army, February 16, 1943
  • Kasserine Pass, February 14, 1943
  • Allied Forces, North Africa, March 6, 1943
  • GHQ MEF, June 3, 1943
  • Sicily Reinforcements, July 1943
  • Sicily, July 10, 1943
  • Solomons, September 1943 to February 1944
  • New Guinea Force
  • 15th Army Group, November 20, 1943
  • 2nd Arakan campaign, March 1944
  • 2nd Chindits, March 5, 1944
  • Kohima/Imphal, April 1944
  • Allied Forces HQ, March 16, 1944
  • Irish Free State, November 1, 1943
  • Eighth Army, April 17, 1943

   These vary in length from a single page up to ten pages or more, and, as always, they are among the most thorough OBs available anywhere, including units such as the 698th Artizan Works Company, 162nd Bomb Disposal Section, 1506th Mauritius Pioneer Company, 1st Water Transport Group, and so on. Although American forces are only included in barest outline, the authors don't skimp on other Allied nationalities, such as Free French, Greeks, the 1st Belgian Colonial Motorised Brigade Group, and the porters of the 4th Sierra Leone Auxiliary Group. The OB for Ireland—replete with Garrison Maintenance engineer companies, Barracks Staff, Horse Transport companies, and cyclist squadrons—is by the far the most complete with which we're familiar. The OB for India Command in 1943 (including Indian Ocean bases, Ceylon Army Command, and camel-mounted units of the Northwest Frontier) is also especially strong. Here's a short example (probably the shortest OB in the entire volume) of the way the order of battle material is presented:

File 31: The Papuan Campaign: November 16th, 1942 to January 22nd, 1943
After the Australian Army pushed removed the threat to Port Moresby by successfully fighting the Japanese back along the Kokoda Trail, it became engaged in two months of the most brutal and debilitating combat of the entire war. About 9000 Japanese defended the coastal enclaves of Buna, Gona, and Sanananda Point. The campaign also generated a great deal of animosity between American and Australian troops when the former underestimated the tenacity of the Japanese and had to be supported in their efforts at Buna by the Australians. [B] indicates that the unit fought at Buna, [G] Gona and [S] Sanananda Track.

7th Australian Infantry Division

   Brigadier, Division Artillery
         detachment 2/1st Anti-Tank Regiment, RAA (1 6pdr gun)
      Troop 1st Mountain Battery, RAA [B] (4 3.7" howitzers; only until December 26th)
      Tp 55th Battery, 2/5th Field Regiment, RAA [B] (4 25pdr guns)
      E Tp 2/1st Field Regiment, RAA (Bullforce) [B] (4 25pdr guns; under 32nd United States Division)
      F Tp 2/1st Field Regiment, RAA (Blackforce)[G] BIS (4 25pdr guns)
   Troop 13th Field Regiment, RAA [B] (4 4.5" howitzers; from December 26th)
   2nd Battery 2/1st Field Regiment, RAA [B] (8 25pdr guns; arrived early January 1943)
   X Battery 2/1st Field Regiment, RAA (8 18pdr guns; improvised unit; at Oro Bay)
   162nd Light Anti-Aircraft Battery, RAA (40mm Bofors guns)

Divisional assets
      X Squadron 2/6th Australian Armoured Regiment [B] (8 Stuart Light tanks; formed from B and C Squadrons)
      17th Infantry Brigade Carrier Group [B] (5 Bren carriers)
      2/4th Field Company, RAE [S][B] (attached to 18th Brigade)
      2/5th Field Company, RAE [G] (attached to 25th Brigade)
      2/6th Field Company, RAE [S] (attached to 16th Brigade)
      2/14th Army Field Company, RAE
   2/7th Australian Cavalry Regiment [S] (serving as infantry)
16th Australian Infantry Brigade [S]
   2/1st Australian Infantry Battalion
   2/2nd Australian Infantry Battalion
   2/3rd Australian Infantry Battalion (detached to 30th Brigade December 9th to 19th)
18th Australian Infantry Brigade [S][B]
   2/9th Australian Infantry Battalion
   2/1Oth Australian Infantry Battalion
   2/12th Australian Infantry Battalion
21st Australian Infantry Brigade [G]
   2/14th Australian Infantry Battalion (detached as Goforce December 21st to January 7th)
   2/16th Australian Infantry Battalion
   2/27th Australian Infantry Battalion (converged with 2/14th December 3rd to January 7th)
   39th Australian Infantry Battalion (attached from December 21st to January 4th)
25th Australian Infantry Brigade [G]
   2/25th Australian Infantry Battalion
   2/31st Australian Infantry Battalion
   2/33rd Australian Infantry Battalion
   3rd Australian Infantry Battalion (attached from November 17th to January 10th)
30th Australian Infantry Brigade [S]
   39th Australian Infantry Battalion (active until December 21st 1942)
   49th Australian Infantry Battalion (detached to 21st Brigade December 22nd to January 6th)
   55th/53rd Australian Infantry Battalion (active until January 4th 1943)

126th US Infantry Regiment (32nd US Division) [B] (attached from November 19th to December 4th 1942)
   1st, 2nd 3rd Battalions
163rd US Regimental Combat Team (41st US Division) [B] (attached from December 27th 1942)
   1st, 2nd, 3rd Battalions

   The British Armies in World War II is an excellent series of organizational histories and probably the best set of books published by the Nafziger Collection. All three of these volumes live up to the high standards set for the series, especially volume four with its extensive material on the most unusual British colonial units. Anyone with any interest whatsoever in unit histories, tables of organization and equipment, and orders of battle will appreciate all these books, and we're definitely looking forward to the next volumes. Highly recommended.
   Available from online booksellers, local bookshops, or directly from the Nafziger Collection.
   Thanks to Nafziger for providing this review copy.

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Reviewed 3 August 2003
Copyright © 2003 by Bill Stone
May not be reproduced in any form without written permission of Stone & Stone
 

 

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